| Frequency Coverage | Operating band and usable bandwidth | Clearly defined coverage for the required band, such as X-, Ku-, Ka-, or higher-frequency operation, with measured performance across the full band | Review frequency-response plots, gain tables, test conditions, and calibrated measurement records | Ensures the antenna maintains predictable performance throughout the intended communication, radar, or radio-astronomy band |
| Gain | Maximum and average gain | Gain should be stated at specific frequencies and supported by measured data; precision reflector systems commonly target approximately 40–65 dBi depending on aperture and frequency | Request an accredited or traceable far-field test report with frequency, polarization, and uncertainty information | Higher and more stable gain improves link margin, sensitivity, and spatial selectivity |
| Aperture Efficiency | Ratio of realized gain to ideal aperture gain | A well-designed precision Cassegrain system commonly targets approximately 55–75%, subject to frequency, subreflector blockage, feed design, and surface accuracy | Check whether the supplier provides the aperture-efficiency calculation and includes blockage and illumination losses | Provides a practical measure of how effectively the reflector aperture is being used |
| Beamwidth | Half-power beamwidth and beam shape | Beamwidth should be calculated and measured at each required frequency; larger apertures and higher frequencies should produce narrower beams | Compare measured radiation patterns with the predicted 3 dB beamwidth and specified sidelobe mask | Controls angular resolution, coverage footprint, and pointing sensitivity |
| Sidelobe Performance | First sidelobe and far-out sidelobe levels | Typical precision-system requirements are often at or below approximately −25 to −30 dB for the first sidelobe, with application-specific far-out limits | Require complete co-polar and cross-polar radiation patterns rather than a single peak-gain value | Lower sidelobes reduce interference, unwanted signal pickup, and spectrum-contamination risk |
| Cross-Polarization | Polarization purity and isolation | A typical target is better than 30 dB isolation over the specified operating band, with tighter limits for demanding satellite and scientific applications | Review measured principal-plane and off-axis cross-polarization results for both linear or circular polarization requirements | Protects polarization reuse and reduces interference between orthogonal channels |
| Impedance Matching | Voltage standing-wave ratio or return loss | VSWR of 1.5:1 or better is a common design target; this corresponds approximately to a return loss of 14 dB or better | Verify calibrated network-analyzer data across the complete operating band, including connector and transition details | Reduces reflected power and improves transmitter and receiver system efficiency |
| Pointing Accuracy | Mechanical pointing and repeatability | The required value depends on beamwidth; precision tracking systems may require approximately 0.01°–0.10° total pointing accuracy | Request encoder accuracy, backlash, repeatability, alignment, and tracking-test results under representative loads | Narrow beams can experience substantial gain loss from small angular errors |
| Surface Accuracy | Reflector surface RMS error | For high-frequency precision operation, a common engineering target is approximately λ/16 RMS or better; at 30 GHz, this is about 0.625 mm | Review coordinate-measurement data, panel tolerances, thermal deformation analysis, and assembly inspection procedures | Surface errors reduce gain and increase phase error, especially at Ka-band and above |
| Feed and Subreflector Alignment | Axial and lateral alignment tolerances | Tolerance limits should be explicitly defined in millimetres and arcminutes, with adjustment provisions for final system alignment | Examine mechanical drawings, alignment tooling, datum references, and factory acceptance-test procedures | Alignment errors can distort the beam, reduce gain, and degrade polarization purity |
| Mechanical Stability | Structural stiffness, deflection, and vibration response | Supplier should provide load-case deflection limits and a structural design suitable for wind, transportation, seismic, or platform-specific conditions | Request finite-element analysis, modal data, wind-load calculations, and measured deflection or vibration results | Maintains pointing and reflector geometry during operation and movement |
| Environmental Qualification | Temperature, humidity, rain, dust, ice, salt mist, and vibration | Requirements should be matched to the installation environment; test plans may reference IEC 60529 ingress protection and MIL-STD-810H environmental methods where applicable | Verify qualification reports, operating-temperature limits, corrosion protection, drainage, sealing, and maintenance requirements | Prevents performance drift and premature failure in outdoor or mobile deployments |
| Power Handling | Continuous-wave and pulsed power capability | Power rating must be specified with frequency, duty cycle, pulse width, cooling method, connector type, and maximum allowable VSWR | Review thermal calculations, high-power test records, arc-protection provisions, and waveguide or coaxial interface ratings | Protects the feed network and supports reliable high-power transmission |
| Measurement Quality | Test facility, calibration, and uncertainty | Supplier should provide traceable calibration, defined measurement uncertainty, controlled test geometry, and repeatable acceptance criteria | Check calibration certificates, chamber qualification, reference standards, test dates, and data-retention procedures | Reliable measurements are essential for comparing suppliers and validating contractual specifications |
| Quality Management | Manufacturing consistency and process control | A documented quality-management system, such as ISO 9001 certification, should cover design, procurement, assembly, inspection, and corrective action | Review certification scope, inspection plans, nonconformance records, configuration control, and serial-number traceability | Reduces unit-to-unit variation and improves long-term supply reliability |
| Configuration Flexibility | Customization of aperture, feed, mount, radome, and tracking interface | Supplier should provide controlled options for reflector diameter, polarization, pedestal type, radome integration, and control-system interface | Evaluate interface-control documents, engineering-change procedures, prototype capability, and integration support | Shortens integration time and allows the antenna to match the complete system architecture |
| Lifecycle Support | Warranty, spares, documentation, and service response | A complete offer should define warranty duration, spare-parts availability, training, preventive maintenance, software support, and response times | Review the draft service-level agreement, recommended spare list, manuals, training plan, and obsolescence policy | Minimizes downtime and protects the total cost of ownership over the operating life |