| Weight management and lifestyle changes | People whose submental fullness is partly related to overall weight gain or recent lifestyle changes. | Consistent nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and weight maintenance over several months. | May reduce overall facial and neck fat, but cannot selectively remove a genetic fat pocket or tighten significantly loose skin. | Usually no medical downtime. Results depend on sustainable habits and individual fat distribution. | Can be maintained while weight remains stable. | Spot-reduction exercises are not proven to remove submental fat. Avoid extreme dieting or unregulated supplements. |
| Deoxycholic acid injections | Adults with mild-to-moderate fat beneath the chin and enough skin elasticity to adapt after fat reduction. | Commonly 2–6 treatment sessions, generally spaced at least 1 month apart; the exact number varies by assessment. | Gradual reduction of submental fat, usually becoming clearer several weeks after each session. | Swelling, bruising, tenderness, numbness, and firmness are common; visible swelling may last several days to a few weeks. | Fat cells treated successfully are permanently destroyed, but remaining cells can enlarge with weight gain. | Must be administered by a qualified medical professional. Rare but important risks include uneven smile, difficulty swallowing, infection, and tissue injury from incorrect placement. |
| Cryolipolysis for submental fat | Adults with a small, pinchable fat pocket and mild skin laxity. | Often 1–2 sessions, with several weeks between sessions to assess the response. | Clinical studies commonly report a modest, gradual reduction in the treated fat layer; individual results vary. | Temporary redness, swelling, bruising, tenderness, tingling, or numbness may occur. Most people resume routine activities quickly. | Long-lasting if weight is stable; untreated fat cells can still enlarge. | Not suitable for certain cold-related disorders. Rare paradoxical enlargement of fatty tissue has been reported and requires medical evaluation. |
| Radiofrequency or focused ultrasound tightening | People with mild skin laxity, with or without a small amount of submental fat. | Usually 1–3 sessions, depending on the device, energy settings, and degree of laxity. | May provide modest tightening and gradual collagen remodeling; it is not a substitute for surgical fat removal. | Temporary redness, warmth, tenderness, or swelling are possible. Downtime is generally limited. | Often approximately 6–18 months, although maintenance treatment may be needed and results vary. | Use only with trained medical providers and appropriate eye, nerve, and skin protection. Excessive energy can cause burns or nerve irritation. |
| Submental liposuction | Healthy adults with localized fat, relatively good skin elasticity, and realistic expectations. | Usually one procedure, followed by compression and scheduled follow-up visits. | More immediate and predictable fat reduction than most non-surgical options; final contour may take several months to settle. | Bruising, swelling, tightness, and temporary numbness are common. Many people need several days away from strenuous activity. | Long-lasting when body weight remains stable. | Requires a qualified surgeon and appropriate anesthesia assessment. Risks include infection, bleeding, contour irregularity, asymmetry, and anesthesia-related complications. |
| Neck lift or lower-face and neck surgery | People with substantial loose skin, muscle banding, or combined fat and skin laxity. | Usually one surgical procedure, with an individualized recovery plan. | Generally the most significant improvement for marked laxity and excess skin, although aging continues naturally. | Swelling and bruising can last for weeks; strenuous exercise is commonly restricted during early recovery. | Often several years, but duration depends on age, genetics, skin quality, smoking, and weight stability. | Requires a board-certified or appropriately qualified surgeon. Discuss scarring, nerve injury, bleeding, infection, blood clots, and anesthesia risks before treatment. |
| Unregulated creams, supplements, or at-home devices | Not recommended as a primary treatment for a true submental fat pocket or loose skin. | Marketing claims frequently exceed the available clinical evidence. | Reliable reduction of double-chin fat or significant skin tightening has not been established for most products. | Possible skin irritation, allergic reactions, burns, medication interactions, or financial loss. | Usually unproven. | Check regulatory status, ingredients, clinical evidence, and contraindications. Avoid injectable products purchased online or administered by unlicensed individuals. |